Características físicas y fisiológicas de los deportistas de orientación de alto rendimiento
Palabras clave:
deporte de orientación, consumo máximo de oxígeno, umbral anaeróbico, antropometría
Resumen
En el deporte de orientación, ante la ausencia de estudios específicos acerca de los factores que determinan el rendimiento competitivo, se hace necesario recurrir a los datos de corredores de orientación de alto rendimiento. El presente artículo, aun reconociendo la importancia del factor psicológico en el rendimiento, pretende recabar los datos físicos y fisiológicos que definen a esta selecta población de deportistas.
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Adams, D., & Saltin, B. (1980). Physical work capacity in orienteering. International Orienteering Federation Report, 2, 9-11.
Chalopin, C. (1994). Physical and physiological characteristics of french orienteers. Scientific Journal of Orienteering, 10, 58-62.
Gjerset, A., Johansen, E., & Moser, T. (1997). Aerobic and anaerobic demands in short distance orienteering. Scientific Journal of Orienteering, 13, 4-25.
Hébert-Losier, K., Jensen, K., Mourot, L., & Holmberg, H. C. (2014). The influence of surface on the running velocities of elite and amateur athletes. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 24(6), 448-455. DOI: 10.1111/sms.12224
Hébert-Losier, K., Platt, S., & Hopkins, W. (2015). Sources of variability in performance times at the World Orienteering Championships. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 47(7), 1523-1529. DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000558
Held, T., & Müller, I. (1997). Endurance capacity in orienteering - New field test vs. laboratory test. Scientific Journal of Orienteering, 13, 26-37.
Jensen, K., Franch, J., Kärkkäinen, O., & Madsen, K. (1994). Field measurements of oxygen uptake in elite orienteers during cross-country running using telemetry. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 4(4), 234-238. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.1994.tb00433.x
Jensen, K., Johansen, L., & Kärkkäinen, O. (1999). Economy in track runners and orienteers during path and terrain running. Journal of Sports Sciences, 17(12), 945-950. DOI: 10.1080/026404199365335
Johansson, C., Gerdle, B., Lorentzon, R., Rasmuson, S., Reiz, S., & Fugi-Meyer, A. (1987). Fatigue and endurance of lower extremity muscles in relation to running velocity at OBLA in male orienteers. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 131(4), 203-209. DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1987.tb08227.x
Ladyga, M., Faff, J., Starczewska-Czapowska, J., & Jarosiński, S. (2000). Physical fitness of the elite orienteers from the polish national team in the period from 1993 to 1998. Biology of Sport, 17(1), 25-35.
Ladyga, M., Faff, J., Starczewska-Czapowska, J., & Jarosiński, S. (2004). Development of the aerobic fitness in elite young orienteers. Biology of sport, 21(2), 105-120.
Larsson, P., Burlin, L., Jakobsson, E., & Henriksson-Larsén, K. (2002). Analysis of performance in orienteering with treadmill tests and physiological field tests using a differential global positioning system. Journal of Sports Sciences, 20, 529-535. DOI: 10.1080/026404102760000035
Lauenstein, S., Wehrlin, J. P., & Bernard, M. (2013). Differences in horizontal vs. uphill running performance in male and female Swiss world-class orienteers. Journal of Strenght and Conditioning Research, 27(11), 2952-2958. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31828bf2dc
Moser, T., Gjerset A., Johansen E., & Vadder, L. (1995). Aerobic and anaerobic demands in orienteering. Scientific Journal of Orienteering, 11, 3-30.
Pablos, A. (2005). Valoración de las capacidades físicas y cognitivas en corredores de orientación de la categoría hombres-élite. (Tesis doctoral inédita). Departamento de Educación Física y Deportiva. Universidad de Valencia. Disponible en: https://roderic.uv.es/handle/10550/23332
Ranucci, M., Grassi, G., & Miserocchi, G. (1986). Anaerobic threshold in orienteers as an index of the aerobic-anaerobic relative contributions to the total power output - a comparison with other endurance sports. Scientific Journal of Orienteering, 2, 124-133.
Rattray, B. & Roberts, A. (2012). Athlete assessments in orienteering: differences in physiological variables between field and laboratory settings. European Journal of Sport Science, 12(4), 293-300. DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2011.566366
Rolf, C., Andersson, G., Westblad, P. & Saltin, B. (1997). Aerobic and anaerobic work capacities and leg muscle characteristics in elite orienteers. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 7(1), 20-24. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.1997.tb00112.x
Sainz, L. y Rabadán, M. (2013). Valoración de la condición aeróbica del corredor de orientación a pie de alto nivel español. Archivos de Medicina del Deporte, 30(6), 359-364. Obtenido el 15 de noviembre de 2018 en: http://archivosdemedicinadeldeporte.com/articulos/upload/or04_158.pdf
Smekal, G., Von Duvillard, S., Pokan, R., Lang, K., Baron, R., Tschan, H., Hofmann, P., & Bachl, N. (2003). Respiratory gas exchange and lactate measures during competitive orienteering. Medicine and Science in Sports & Exercise, 35(4), 682-89. DOI: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000058358.14293.DE
Tønnessen, E., Svendsen, I., Rønnestad, B., Hisdal, J., Haugen, T. A., & Seiler, S. (2015). The annual training periodization of 8 world champions in orienteering. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 10, 29-38. DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2014-0005
Tzvetkov, S. (2009). The reproducibility of the ventilatory anaerobic threshold determination methods among two maximal treadmill exercise protocols in elite orienteers. Facta Universitatis Series Physical Education and Sport, 7(1), 45-53. En: http://facta.junis.ni.ac.rs/pe/pe200901/pe200901-05.pdf
Zürcher, S., Clénin, G., & Marti, B. (2005). Uphill running capacity in Swiss elite orienteers. Scientific Journal of Orienteering, 16, 41-58.
Chalopin, C. (1994). Physical and physiological characteristics of french orienteers. Scientific Journal of Orienteering, 10, 58-62.
Gjerset, A., Johansen, E., & Moser, T. (1997). Aerobic and anaerobic demands in short distance orienteering. Scientific Journal of Orienteering, 13, 4-25.
Hébert-Losier, K., Jensen, K., Mourot, L., & Holmberg, H. C. (2014). The influence of surface on the running velocities of elite and amateur athletes. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 24(6), 448-455. DOI: 10.1111/sms.12224
Hébert-Losier, K., Platt, S., & Hopkins, W. (2015). Sources of variability in performance times at the World Orienteering Championships. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 47(7), 1523-1529. DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000558
Held, T., & Müller, I. (1997). Endurance capacity in orienteering - New field test vs. laboratory test. Scientific Journal of Orienteering, 13, 26-37.
Jensen, K., Franch, J., Kärkkäinen, O., & Madsen, K. (1994). Field measurements of oxygen uptake in elite orienteers during cross-country running using telemetry. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 4(4), 234-238. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.1994.tb00433.x
Jensen, K., Johansen, L., & Kärkkäinen, O. (1999). Economy in track runners and orienteers during path and terrain running. Journal of Sports Sciences, 17(12), 945-950. DOI: 10.1080/026404199365335
Johansson, C., Gerdle, B., Lorentzon, R., Rasmuson, S., Reiz, S., & Fugi-Meyer, A. (1987). Fatigue and endurance of lower extremity muscles in relation to running velocity at OBLA in male orienteers. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 131(4), 203-209. DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1987.tb08227.x
Ladyga, M., Faff, J., Starczewska-Czapowska, J., & Jarosiński, S. (2000). Physical fitness of the elite orienteers from the polish national team in the period from 1993 to 1998. Biology of Sport, 17(1), 25-35.
Ladyga, M., Faff, J., Starczewska-Czapowska, J., & Jarosiński, S. (2004). Development of the aerobic fitness in elite young orienteers. Biology of sport, 21(2), 105-120.
Larsson, P., Burlin, L., Jakobsson, E., & Henriksson-Larsén, K. (2002). Analysis of performance in orienteering with treadmill tests and physiological field tests using a differential global positioning system. Journal of Sports Sciences, 20, 529-535. DOI: 10.1080/026404102760000035
Lauenstein, S., Wehrlin, J. P., & Bernard, M. (2013). Differences in horizontal vs. uphill running performance in male and female Swiss world-class orienteers. Journal of Strenght and Conditioning Research, 27(11), 2952-2958. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31828bf2dc
Moser, T., Gjerset A., Johansen E., & Vadder, L. (1995). Aerobic and anaerobic demands in orienteering. Scientific Journal of Orienteering, 11, 3-30.
Pablos, A. (2005). Valoración de las capacidades físicas y cognitivas en corredores de orientación de la categoría hombres-élite. (Tesis doctoral inédita). Departamento de Educación Física y Deportiva. Universidad de Valencia. Disponible en: https://roderic.uv.es/handle/10550/23332
Ranucci, M., Grassi, G., & Miserocchi, G. (1986). Anaerobic threshold in orienteers as an index of the aerobic-anaerobic relative contributions to the total power output - a comparison with other endurance sports. Scientific Journal of Orienteering, 2, 124-133.
Rattray, B. & Roberts, A. (2012). Athlete assessments in orienteering: differences in physiological variables between field and laboratory settings. European Journal of Sport Science, 12(4), 293-300. DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2011.566366
Rolf, C., Andersson, G., Westblad, P. & Saltin, B. (1997). Aerobic and anaerobic work capacities and leg muscle characteristics in elite orienteers. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 7(1), 20-24. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.1997.tb00112.x
Sainz, L. y Rabadán, M. (2013). Valoración de la condición aeróbica del corredor de orientación a pie de alto nivel español. Archivos de Medicina del Deporte, 30(6), 359-364. Obtenido el 15 de noviembre de 2018 en: http://archivosdemedicinadeldeporte.com/articulos/upload/or04_158.pdf
Smekal, G., Von Duvillard, S., Pokan, R., Lang, K., Baron, R., Tschan, H., Hofmann, P., & Bachl, N. (2003). Respiratory gas exchange and lactate measures during competitive orienteering. Medicine and Science in Sports & Exercise, 35(4), 682-89. DOI: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000058358.14293.DE
Tønnessen, E., Svendsen, I., Rønnestad, B., Hisdal, J., Haugen, T. A., & Seiler, S. (2015). The annual training periodization of 8 world champions in orienteering. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 10, 29-38. DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2014-0005
Tzvetkov, S. (2009). The reproducibility of the ventilatory anaerobic threshold determination methods among two maximal treadmill exercise protocols in elite orienteers. Facta Universitatis Series Physical Education and Sport, 7(1), 45-53. En: http://facta.junis.ni.ac.rs/pe/pe200901/pe200901-05.pdf
Zürcher, S., Clénin, G., & Marti, B. (2005). Uphill running capacity in Swiss elite orienteers. Scientific Journal of Orienteering, 16, 41-58.
Publicado
28/12/2020
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Derechos de autor 2020 Joaquín Fidalgo Díaz
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