Nuevos desafíos en la cirugía bariátrica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24197/4bgrh797Palabras clave:
cirugía bariátrica, comorbilidades, obesidad, pérdida de peso, técnicas.Resumen
La cirugía bariátrica ha emergido como una opción altamente eficaz para las personas con obesidad, ofreciendo resultados de pérdida de peso significativos y sostenibles, con mejoría de comorbilidades asociadas. Este enfoque quirúrgico implica varios procedimientos que modifican la anatomía del tracto gastrointestinal, lo que conlleva a una reducción en la ingesta de alimentos y/o la absorción de nutrientes. Los procedimientos establecidos como la gastrectomía en manga, el bypass gástrico, la banda gástrica ajustable y la derivación biliopancreática con cruce duodenal tienen resultados muy contrastados en la literatura. Po otra parte, las técnicas emergentes como los globos intragástricos, los dispositivos Aspire Assist y la gastroplastia endoscópica en manga muestran resultados prometedores, pero requieren más investigación. Numerosos estudios han destacado los beneficios de la cirugía bariátrica, no solo en la pérdida de peso, sino también en la resolución de comorbilidades relacionadas con la obesidad y en la mejora significativa de la calidad de vida. Sin embargo, los resultados exitosos dependen de un enfoque multidisciplinario, que abarca la evaluación preoperatoria, el cuidado postoperatorio integral, el apoyo nutricional y el asesoramiento psicológico. El seguimiento regular y la adherencia a las recomendaciones postquirúrgicas son cruciales para mantener la pérdida de peso y obtener resultados positivos a largo plazo.
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