Desafíos y recomendaciones para abordar la participación de la comunidad en el diseño de espacios públicos en Turquía
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24197/ciudades.26.2023.67-97Palabras clave:
participación ciudadana, espacios públicos, Estambul, Bursa, EskişehirResumen
El objetivo de este artículo es discutir los desafíos y desarrollar recomendaciones para abordar la participación de la comunidad en el diseño de espacios públicos. En este sentido, el artículo examina la legislación urbanística turca y analiza tres proyectos de Estambul, Bursa y Eskişehir de Turquía. La metodología de investigación se basa en la revisión de literatura y entrevistas en línea con los profesionales que trabajaron en estos proyectos. Como resultado, se presentan las recomendaciones relacionadas con el contexto legal-institucional, los mecanismos de participación, la participación y coordinación de los actores, el diseño y el proceso de implementación de la participación de la comunidad en el diseño del espacio público para crear espacios públicos más inclusivos y de calidad en Turquía.
Descargas
Citas
Alpan, Açalya (2016), “Eskişehir’in yaya omurgası Hamamyolu Caddesi üzerine düşünceler”, Serbest Mimar, nº24, pp.44-48.
Arın Ensarioğlu, Sebla & Özsoy, Fatma Ahsen (2021), “Children’s participation in built environment design: The case of Play Without Barriers project”, ITU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture, vol. 18, nº2, pp. 347-364. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5505/itujfa.2021.52386
Arın, Sebla (2015), Children-oriented built environment education: A participatory model for Bursa. Doctoral Thesis, Istanbul Technical University.
Arnstein, Sherry (1969), “A ladder of citizen participation”, Journal of the American Institute of Planners, vol. 35, nº4, pp. 216-224, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01944366908977225
Carmona, Mathew (2010), “Contemporary public space: Critique and classification, Part one: Critique”, Journal of Urban Design, vol. 15, nº1, pp.123-148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13574800903435651
Carmona, Mathew (2014), “The place-shaping continuum: A theory of urban design process”, Journal of Urban Design, vol. 19, nº1, 2-36, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13574809.2013.854695
Carmona, Mathew (2017), “Engaging communities in placemaking”. Available at: https://matthew-carmona.com/2017/05/09/engaging-communities-in-placemaking/ (date of reference: 04-05-2022).
Cooper, Charlotte (2021), “Commonplace”. Available at: https://www.commonplace.is/blog/barriers-to-community-engagement (date of reference: 04-05-2022).
Directorate General of Spatial Planning (2022), “The general principles of the urban design works”. Available at: https://mpgm.csb.gov.tr/en/the-general-principles-of-the-urban-design-works-i-5318 (date of reference: 24-04-2022).
Fariña, Jose (2017), “Once plazas de Madrid [+1]”, El blog de José Fariña: urbanismo, territorio y paisaje. Available at: https://elblogdefarina.blogspot.com/2017/11/once-plazas-de-madrid-1.html (date of reference: 10-09-2022).
González-Arriero, Conso & De Manuel Jerez, Esteban (2022), “Building healthy cities with children: the case of the Bollullos de la Mitación Plan for sustainable mobility”, Ciudades, nº25, pp. 107-127. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24197/cities.25.2022.107-127
Hamamyolu Working Group (2015), The report of Hamamyolu working group, Eskişehir.
Hart, Roger (1992), “Children’s participation: From tokenism to citizenship”. Available at: https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/100-childrens-participation-from-tokenism-to-citizenship.html (date of reference: 23-02-2023).
Instituto Nazionale di Urbanistica (2013), “Charter of public space”. Available at: http://www.biennalespaziopubblico.it/outputs/the-charter-of-public-space/ (date of reference: 22-09-2022).
International Association for Public Participation (2018), “IAP2 spectrum of public participation”. Available at: https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.iap2.org/resource/resmgr/pillars/Spectrum_8.5x11_Print.pdf (date of reference: 03-05-2022)
International Design (2022), “Taksim Pavilion”. Available at: https://www.internationaldesign.nl/Taksim-Pavilion (date of reference: 13-07-2022)
Istanbul City Council (2020), “2020 faaliyet raporu”. Available at: https://Istanbulkentkonseyi.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/2020-Faaliyet-Raporu-1.pdf (date of reference: 13-07-2022)
Istanbul City Council (2022), “Istanbul kent konseyi katılımcılık eğitim rehberi”. Available at: https://Istanbulkentkonseyi.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Katilimcilik-Egitim-Rehberi-Web.pdf (date of reference: 23-02-2023)
Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (2020), “2020-2024 Stratejik Planı”. Available at: https://www.ibb.Istanbul/Uploads/2020/2/iBB-STRATEJIK-PLAN-2020-2024.pdf (date of reference: 08-04-2023).
Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (2020), “Almanac”. Available at: https://konkur.Istanbul/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/almanac_taksim.pdf (date of reference: 08-04-2023).
Istanbul Planning Agency (2020), “Taksim'i hayal et yarışma kitabı”. Available at: https://ipa.Istanbul/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/taksim-i-hayal-et-taksim-meydani-icin-ogrenci-fikir-projesi-yarisma-kitabi.pdf (date of reference:12-04-2023)
Istanbul Planning Agency (2022a), “Public design office”. Available at: https://ipa.Istanbul/en/units/public-design-office/ (date of reference:13-07-2022).
Istanbul Planning Agency (2022b), “Yarışmalar”. Available at: https://konkur.Istanbul/yarismalar/ (date of reference: 13-07-2022).
Köksal, Gül; Sarıca, Ekin & Yanar, Burcu (2020), “Katılımcılık aracı olarak yarışMA: Taksim yarışması üzerinden İBB’nin yerel yönetim politika araçlarına ilişkin bir tartışma”. Available at: https://dokuzadabirdeniz.com/?p=5131 (date of reference: 08-04-2023).
Kutluca, Ahmet Kıvanç; Olgun, İnci & Akyol Alay, Meliz (2022), “Kamusal mekan tasarımını katılıma sunmak”, Planlama, vol. 32, nº3, pp.527–535. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14744/planlama.2022.24654
Medero, Sanchez Gema, & Pastor Albaladejo, Gema (2018), “The quality of participatory processes in the urban redevelopment policy of Madrid City Council”, Lex Localis - Journal Of Local Self-Government, vol. 16, nº4, pp. 841-872. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4335/16.4.841-872
Ministry of Environment and Urbanisation (2010), Integrated urban development strategy and action plan (KENTGES), Official Journal 27749.
Ministry of Environment and Urbanisation (2016), “Urban design guidelines”. Available at: https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/mpgm/editordosya/file/Kentsel%20Tasarim/Kentsel%20Tasarim%20Rehberleri/KENTSEL%20TASARIM%20REHBERLERI_Cilt2.pdf (date of reference: 24-04-2022)
Moreno Balboa, Carmen (2019), “Evaluación y ponderación de la participación ciudadana en el urbanismo: Sistema de evaluación de los procesos de participación, su impacto y evolución temporal”, en XI International Seminar on Urban Planning Research, Barcelona-Santiago de Chile, Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña.
Municipality Law (2005), no 5393. Official Journal 25874.
Nilüfer Municipality (2012), “2012-2014 Stratejik Plan”. Available at: https://www.nilufer.bel.tr/icerik/stratejik-planlar (date of reference: 23-02-2023).
Nilüfer Municipality (2017), “Oyun engel tanımaz parkına ödül”. Available at: https://www.nilufer.bel.tr/haber/oyun-engel-tanimaz-parki-na-odul (date of reference: 23-02-2023).
Nilüfer Municipality (2022), “Neighbourhood units”. Available at: https://www.nilufer.bel.tr/icerik/mahalle-komiteleri (date of reference: 13-07-2022).
NYC Global Partners’ (2012), “Best practice: Large-scale green space reclamation plan”. Available at: http://www.nyc.gov/html/ia/gprb/downloads/pdf/Madrid_MadridRioProject.pdf (date of reference: 22-01-2022).
Odunpazarı Municipality (2015), “2015–2019 Strateji Planı”. Available at: https://odunpazari.bel.tr/upload/files/2015-2019%20stratejik%20plan-s%c4%b1k%c4%b1%c5%9ft%c4%b1r%c4%b1ld%c4%b1.pdf (date of reference: 08-07-2022).
Odunpazarı Municipality (2022), “Katılımcı belediyecilik”. Available at: https://www.odunpazari.bel.tr/projeler/katilimci-belediye (date of reference: 08-07-2022).
Ross, Helen; Baldwin, Claudia, & Carter, Bill (2016), “Subtle implications: public participation versus community engagement in environmental decision-making”, Australasian Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 23, nº2, pp. 123-129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14486563.2016.1194588
Royo, Sonia; Pina, Vicente & Garcia-Rayado, Jamie (2020), “Decide Madrid: A critical analysis of an award-winning e-participation initiative”, Sustainability, vol. 12, nº1674, pp. 1-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12041674
Sanoff, Henry (2000), Community participation methods in design and planning, New York, John Wiley & Sons.
Superpool (2019), “Zümrütevler Square”. Available at: https://www.superpool.org/work/zuemruetevler-square (date of reference 25-02-2023).
Tekeli, İlhan (2021), “Kentlerin planlanmasındaki katılımcılığı siyasetin katılımcılığından nasıl farklılaştırabiliriz?”, Yapı Dergisi, nº419, pp. 47-49.
UNDP Türkiye (2021), “The public space designed with participatory methods in Gökçeada is implemented as a community hub”. Available at: https://www.undp.org/turkiye/news/public-space-designed-participatory-methods-gokceada-implemented-community-hub (date of reference: 23-02-2023).
UN Habitat (2012), “Global public space programme”. Available at: https://unhabitat.org/programme/global-public-space-programme (date of reference: 23-02-2023).
UN Habitat (2016), “Global public space toolkit from global principles to local policies and practice”. Available at: https://unhabitat.org/global-public-space-toolkit-from-global-principles-to-local-policies-and-practice (date of reference: 10-09-2022).
UN Habitat (2020), “Public space site-specific assessment. Guidelines to achieve quality public spaces at neighbourhood level”. Available at: https://unhabitat.org/public-space-site-specific-assessment-guidelines-to-achieve-quality-public-spaces-at-neighbourhood (date of reference: 11-04-2023).
Yazgan Design Architecture (2018), “Hamamyolu urban deck”, Available at: https://www.yazgandesign.com/hamamyolu-urban-deck (date of reference: 23-02-2022).
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2023 Síbel Polat
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Todos los contenidos publicados en Ciudades se distribuyen bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0).
- Atribución (Attribution): en cualquier explotación de la obra autorizada por la licencia hará falta reconocer la autoría.
Los autores continúan como propietarios de sus trabajos, y pueden volver a publicar sus artículos en otro medio sin tener que solicitar autorización, siempre y cuando indiquen que el trabajo fue publicado originariamente en Ciudades.
