Reactores modulares pequeños (SMRs) en América Latina: temas, problemas y desafíos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24197/x2scnb18Palabras clave:
SMRs; América Latina; desafíos tecnológicos; desafíos epistémicos; desafíos regulatorios; desafíos sociopolíticosResumen
Los reactores modulares pequeños (SMRs) han ganado creciente atención como una alternativa potencialmente flexible, competitiva en costos y más segura frente a los grandes reactores convencionales, valorada por su compatibilidad con redes descentralizadas, su complementariedad con energías renovables y el menor riesgo financiero para los inversores. En América Latina, sin embargo, su desarrollo sigue en una fase incipiente y enfrenta obstáculos estructurales que la literatura académica ha abordado solo parcialmente. Este artículo revisa 22 publicaciones indexadas en WoS y Scopus centradas en la región, sistematizando las principales líneas de investigación, vacíos temáticos y metodológicos, y desafíos tecnológicos, institucionales, epistémicos y sociopolíticos. Los hallazgos revelan un corpus fragmentado y concentrado en Argentina, con cobertura limitada de otros contextos nacionales y predominio de enfoques técnicos sobre los sociales, regulatorios y territoriales. El artículo sostiene que avanzar hacia una gobernanza legítima y contextualizada de los SMRs en América Latina requiere una agenda de investigación regional más definida, marcos institucionales sólidos, alianzas intersectoriales y atención sostenida a las dimensiones sociales que condicionan la aceptación pública.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Arturo Vallejos Romero, César Cisternas, Alejandro Mellado, Minerva Cordovés-Sánchez, Markku Lehtonen, Felipe Sáez-Ardura
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