Sovereignty in Crisis: Deterritorialization Of State Sovereignty After Tsunami Aceh 2004
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24197/st.2.2021.72-93Keywords:
Sovereignty; Disaster; Assemblage approach; Aceh.Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to analyze how the concept of state sovereignty is experiencing a crisis due to a major natural disaster. By using the illustration of the 2004 Aceh earthquake and tsunami, the concept of state sovereignty has been explored in the abnormal situation arising from the disaster as the state was unable to carry out its functions and authorities properly. This article used qualitative approach to explore the dynamic relations or network between agency (material or non-material, such as state, NGO, International organization, media, norms, military equipment, army, natural resources etc); which construct sovereignty assemblage. The territorialization and deterritorialization of sovereignty is investigated by seeing four dimensions proposed by Baker and McGuirk. This article demonstrates that sovereignty is very dynamic, and its definition is constructed and continuously through mechanisms engaging multiple actors and specific processes. This research found that the state conception of sovereignty before and after the disaster has been so dynamic, constructed and reconstructed overtime, which is influenced by the dimension of multiplicity, processualism, labor, and uncertainty.
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References
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McCann, E., & Ward, K. (2012). Assembling urbanism: Following policies and “studying through” the sites and situations of policy making. Environment and Planning A, 44(1), 42–51. https://doi.org/10.1068/a44178
Morgenthau, H. J. . (1967). Politics Among Nations : the struggle for power and peace. 4th ed. [rev. and reset]. New York: Knopf
Murray Li, T. (2007). Practices of assemblage and community forest management. Economy and Society, 36(2), 263–293. https://doi.org/10.1080/03085140701254308
Ohmae, K. (1996). End of The Nation State : The Rise of Regional Economies. The Free Press.
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Pantji, A. R., Nurhasim, M., & Alihar, F. L. (2004). Negara dan Masyarakat dalam Konflik Aceh. LIPI: Jakarta
Prince, R. (2014). Consultants and the global assemblage of culture and creativity. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 39(1), 90–101. https://doi.org/10.1111/tran.12012
Reid, A. (2006). Verandah of Violence : The Background to the Aceh Problem. Singapore University Press.
Santosa, K. O. (2006). Jejak-Jejak Sang Pejuang Pemberontak : Pemikiran, Gerakan dan Ekspresi Politik S.M Kartosuwirjo dan Daud Beureueh. SegaArsy.
Shimko, K. L. (1992). Realism , Neorealism , and American Liberalism. The Review of Politics, 54(2), 281–301.
Sohn, C. (2015). On borders’ multiplicity: A perspective from assemblage theory. Working Paper 10, May, 1–11. http://www.euborderscapes.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/Working_Papers/EUBORDERSCAPES_Working_Paper_10_Christophe_Sohn_-_On_borders__multiplicity_A_perspective_from_assemblage_therory.pdf
Strange, S. (1994). State and Markets. London : Continuum.
Sukma, R. (2004). Security operations in Aceh: goals, consequences, and lessons. East-West Center: Washington.
Sulaiman, I. M. (2000). Aceh Merdeka : Ideologi, Kepemimpinan dan Gerakan. Pustaka Al-Kautsar: Jakarta.
Tempo. (2005a). Keadaan Panik, Mayat Dimana-mana. Majalah Tempo. Retrieved from https://majalah.tempo.co/read/wawancara/97387/keadaan-panik-mayat-di-mana-mana
Tempo. (2005b). Mau Rakyat Mati Hanya Karena Kehormatan Bangsa? Majalah Tempo. Retrieved from https://majalah.tempo.co/read/laporan-utama/97688/mau-rakyat-mati-hanya-karena-kehormatan-bangsa
Walker, R. B. . (1993). Inside/Outside: International Relations As Political Theory. Cambridge University Press.
Waltz, K. N. (1979). Theory of International Politics. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
Weiss, T. G., & Taylor, P. (2016). Governance , good governance and global governance : conceptual and actual challenges. Third World Quarterly, 21(5), 795–814.
Zainal, S. (2016). Transformasi Konflik Aceh dan Relasi Sosial-Politik di Era Desentralisasi. MASYARAKAT: Jurnal Sosiologi, 21(1), 81–108. https://doi.org/10.7454/mjs.v21i1.4757
Agnew, J. (2015). Revisiting the territorial trap. Nordia Geographical Publications, 44(4), 43–48. Retrieved from https://nordia.journal.fi/article/view/64824
Ali, F. (2008). Kalla dan Perdamaian Aceh. Lembaga Studi dan Pengembangan Etika Usaha (LSPEU) Indonesia.
Amnesti International. (1993). Amnesti International Report 1993. Retrieved from https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL1000011993ENGLISH.PDF
Anderson, B., & McFarlane, C. (2011). Assemblage and geography. Area, 43(2), 124–127. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4762.2011.01004.x
Aspinall, E., & Crouch, H. (2003). The Aceh Peace Process : Why it Failed. In Policy Studies. Retrieved from https://sci-hub.tw/https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/3503%0Ahttps://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/3503/1/PS001.pdf
Aspinall, E. (2009). Combatants to Contractors: The Political Economy of Peace in Aceh. Indonesia, (87), 1-34. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40376474
Baker, T., & McGuirk, P. (2017). Assemblage thinking as methodology: commitments and practices for critical policy research. Territory, Politics, Governance, 5(4), 425–442. https://doi.org/10.1080/21622671.2016.1231631
Barkin, S. J., & Cronin, B. (1994). The state and the nation: Changing norms and the rules of sovereignty in international relations. International Organization, 48(1), 107–130. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300000837
Bottos, L. C. (2015). Assemblages of sovereignty and anti-sovereign eff ects on the Irish border, 71, 86–99. https://doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2015.710108
BRR. (2009). Tsunami : Habis Bencana Terbitlah Terang. Jakarta Indonesia
Buchanan, I. (2015). Assemblage Theory and Its Discontents. Deleuze Studies, 9(3), 382–392. https://doi.org/10.3366/dls.2015.0193
Chaudhary, R. (2005). Capitalism: In search of alternatives. Social Change, 35(4), 56–68. https://doi.org/10.1177/004908570503500403
Deleuze, G, & Guattari, F. (1987). A thousand plateaus: Capitalism and schizophrenia. University of Minnesota Pres.
Deleuze, Gilles, & Guattari, F. (1987). Mille plateaux/ A Thousand Plateaus. Paris: éd. de Minuit.
Djafar, M. (2008). Pilkada dan Demokrasi Konsosiasional di Aceh. Poelitik : Jurnal Kajian Politik dan Masalah Pembangunan, 4(1):195-214.
Djumala, D. (2013). Soft Power untuk Aceh : Resolusi Konflik dan Politik Desentralisasi. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Goksel, N. K. (2004). Globalisation and the state. PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs, 9(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429430893-13
Held, D. (1989). Political Theory and the Modern State: Essays on State. Power and Democracy. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Held, D., & McGrew, A. (1998). The end of the old order ? Globalization and the prospects for world order. Review of International Studies, 24(4), 219–242. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0260210598002198
Ibrahimy, M. N. El. (2001). Peranan Teungku M. Daud Beureueh dalam Pergolakan Aceh. Media Dakwah.
Jackson, R. (2012). Sovereignty. Evolution of an idea. Uma ética para quantos? Vol. XXXIII (Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-014-0173-7.2
Jackson, R. H. (1995). Quasi-States: Sovereignty, International Relations and the Third World. Verfassung in Recht und Übersee (Vol. 28, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.5771/0506-7286-1995-2-256
Jackson, R. H., & Sørensen, G. (2007). Methodological Debates. In Introduction to International Relations: Theories and Approaches.Oxford University Press, USA
Jacques, M. (2009). When China Rules the World: The End of the Western World and the Birth of a New Global Order. Penguin Books; 2nd ed. edition.
Kahler, M. (2004). Economic security in an era of globalization: Definition and provision. Pacific Review, 17(4), 485–502. https://doi.org/10.1080/0951274042000326032
Mangkusubroto, K. (2011). Analisis Dinamika Kolaborasi antara Badan Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi Aceh dan Nias ( BRR ) dengan Lembaga Donor Pasca Tsunami 2004 menggunakan Drama Theory. Manajemen Teknologi, 10(1).
McCann, E., & Ward, K. (2012). Assembling urbanism: Following policies and “studying through” the sites and situations of policy making. Environment and Planning A, 44(1), 42–51. https://doi.org/10.1068/a44178
Morgenthau, H. J. . (1967). Politics Among Nations : the struggle for power and peace. 4th ed. [rev. and reset]. New York: Knopf
Murray Li, T. (2007). Practices of assemblage and community forest management. Economy and Society, 36(2), 263–293. https://doi.org/10.1080/03085140701254308
Ohmae, K. (1996). End of The Nation State : The Rise of Regional Economies. The Free Press.
Ong, A., & Collier, S. J. (2008). Global Assemblages: Technology, Politics, and Ethics as Anthropological Problems. Global Assemblages: Technology, Politics, and Ethics as Anthropological Problems (pp. 1–498). https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470696569
Pantji, A. R., Nurhasim, M., & Alihar, F. L. (2004). Negara dan Masyarakat dalam Konflik Aceh. LIPI: Jakarta
Prince, R. (2014). Consultants and the global assemblage of culture and creativity. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 39(1), 90–101. https://doi.org/10.1111/tran.12012
Reid, A. (2006). Verandah of Violence : The Background to the Aceh Problem. Singapore University Press.
Santosa, K. O. (2006). Jejak-Jejak Sang Pejuang Pemberontak : Pemikiran, Gerakan dan Ekspresi Politik S.M Kartosuwirjo dan Daud Beureueh. SegaArsy.
Shimko, K. L. (1992). Realism , Neorealism , and American Liberalism. The Review of Politics, 54(2), 281–301.
Sohn, C. (2015). On borders’ multiplicity: A perspective from assemblage theory. Working Paper 10, May, 1–11. http://www.euborderscapes.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/Working_Papers/EUBORDERSCAPES_Working_Paper_10_Christophe_Sohn_-_On_borders__multiplicity_A_perspective_from_assemblage_therory.pdf
Strange, S. (1994). State and Markets. London : Continuum.
Sukma, R. (2004). Security operations in Aceh: goals, consequences, and lessons. East-West Center: Washington.
Sulaiman, I. M. (2000). Aceh Merdeka : Ideologi, Kepemimpinan dan Gerakan. Pustaka Al-Kautsar: Jakarta.
Tempo. (2005a). Keadaan Panik, Mayat Dimana-mana. Majalah Tempo. Retrieved from https://majalah.tempo.co/read/wawancara/97387/keadaan-panik-mayat-di-mana-mana
Tempo. (2005b). Mau Rakyat Mati Hanya Karena Kehormatan Bangsa? Majalah Tempo. Retrieved from https://majalah.tempo.co/read/laporan-utama/97688/mau-rakyat-mati-hanya-karena-kehormatan-bangsa
Walker, R. B. . (1993). Inside/Outside: International Relations As Political Theory. Cambridge University Press.
Waltz, K. N. (1979). Theory of International Politics. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
Weiss, T. G., & Taylor, P. (2016). Governance , good governance and global governance : conceptual and actual challenges. Third World Quarterly, 21(5), 795–814.
Zainal, S. (2016). Transformasi Konflik Aceh dan Relasi Sosial-Politik di Era Desentralisasi. MASYARAKAT: Jurnal Sosiologi, 21(1), 81–108. https://doi.org/10.7454/mjs.v21i1.4757
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Published
07/11/2021
How to Cite
Herningtyas, R., Kurniawan, N. I., Dafri, D., & Surwandono, S. (2021). Sovereignty in Crisis: Deterritorialization Of State Sovereignty After Tsunami Aceh 2004. Sociología Y Tecnociencia, 11(2), 72–93. https://doi.org/10.24197/st.2.2021.72-93
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