Pandemia de coronavirus y construcción de narrativas falsas:
políticas de salud (odio) y odio religioso/crímenes de odio en la India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24197/st.2.2022.307-322Palabras clave:
Odio social, islamofobia, COVID-19, pandemia, redes socialesResumen
Este documento tiene como objetivo comprender cómo el coronavirus como pandemia se utiliza indebidamente para construir una narrativa falsa, que ha fomentado el odio religioso y la posterior discriminación, así como los crímenes de odio contra la comunidad minoritaria en la India. Más específicamente, el documento analiza el papel de varias plataformas de redes sociales y agencias de noticias (en la difusión de información a medias, información falsa y desinformación) para revelar la causa raíz detrás de demonizar a una comunidad en particular. El diseño es exploratorio y los datos recopilados provienen de fuentes secundarias. El enfoque es entender el impacto desde un nuevo punto de vista. Los hallazgos del estudio revelan que la creación falsa de una narrativa ha llevado a los musulmanes a enfrentar graves dificultades, destruyendo así el verdadero significado del secularismo. El estudio muestra que los musulmanes como comunidad ya fueron discriminados y la pandemia se ha sumado enormemente a sus problemas. Este artículo intenta dar una nueva perspectiva sobre el impacto de la pandemia. La mayoría de los trabajos de investigación han tratado de comprender el impacto de la pandemia en los aspectos sociales; sin embargo, ningún trabajo de investigación ha intentado comprender el odio social debido a COVID-19
Descargas
Referencias
Ahuja, K.K., Banerjee, D., Chaudhary, K. and Gidwani, C. (2020). Fear, xenophobia and collectivism as predictors of well-being during Coronavirus disease 2019: An empirical study from India. International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 1-8.
Ahuja, K.K. & Banerjee, D. (2021). The Labeled side of COVD-19 in India: Psychological perspectives on Islamophobia during the pandemic. Frontiers in Psychiatry 11:604949. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.604949
Akbar, I. (2020, April 20). It was naïve to expect they would forget their hatred towards Muslims in a crisis. The Wire. Retrieved from https://thewire.in/communalism/it-was-naive-of-us-to-expect-india-would-forget-its-hatred-towards-muslims-in-a-crisis
Ali, A. (2020, 9 April). Covid an excuse to push Indian Muslims out of informal sector jobs: Apartheid the next step. The Print. Retrieved from https://theprint.in/opinion/covid-an-excuse-to-push-indian-muslims-out-of-informal-sector-jobs-apartheid-the-next-step/398236/
Amnesty International. (2012). Choice and prejudice: Discrimination against Muslims in Europe. Available online at: https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/EUR01/001/2012/en/ (Accessed on 21st April 2021)
Apoorvanand (2020, April 18). How the Coronavirus outbreak in India was blamed on Muslims. Aljazeera. Retrieved from https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/coronavirus-outbreak-india-blamed-muslims-200418143252362. html? Utmsource =website &utmmedium =article page&utmcampaign=read_more_links
Bisht, A. Naqvi, S. (2020, April 7). How Tablighi Jamaat event became India’s worst coronavirus vector. ALJAZEERA. Retrieved from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/tablighi-jamaat-event-india-worst-coronavirus-vector-200407052957511.html
Brass, P. R. (2011). The production of Hindu-Muslim violence in contemporary India. University of Washington Press.
Ganguly, M. (2020, April 18). India’s step to contain COVID-19 have failed to curb Anti-Muslim rhetoric. Scroll.in. Retrieved from https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/04/18/indias-steps-contain-covid-19-have-failed-curb-anti-muslim-rhetoric
Green, D. P., McFalls, L. H., & Smith, J. K. (2001). Hate crime: An emergent research agenda. Annual review of sociology. 27(1): 479-504.
Guha, R. (2017). India after Gandhi: The history of the world's largest democracy. Pan Macmillan.
Halarnkar, S. (2020, April 13). Coronavirus is proving to be another excuse to marginalize India’s Muslims. Quartz India. Retrieved from https://qz.com/india/1836768/coronavirus-is-another-excuse-to-marginalise-indias-muslims/
Hasan, M. (2020, April 14). The Coronavirus is empowering Islamophobes- but exposing the idiocy of Islamophobia. The Intercept. Retrieved from https://theintercept.com/2020/04/14/coronavirus-muslims-islamophobia/
Husain, S. (2020, April 9). Muslims targeted as India’s lack of capacity to fight COVID-19 exposed. Daily Sabah. https://www.dailysabah.com/opinion/op-ed/muslims-targeted-as-indias-lack-of-capacity-to-fight-covid-19-exposed
Hussain, S., Usman, A., Habiba, U., Amjad, A. and Amjad, U. (2019). Hate Crimes against Muslims and Increasing Islamophobia in India. Journal of Indian Studies. 5(1): 7-15.
Hu, R. and Tian, K. (2015). A brief study of sectarian conflicts in India. International Conference on Humanities and Social Science Research. doi: 10.2991/ichssr-15.2015.48
Khaira, R. (2020, August 23). Twitter sleeping through Rabid Anti-Muslim Hate is frankly infuriating. Huffpost. Retrieved from https://www.huffpost.com/archive/in/entry/twitter-sleeping-through-rabid-anti-muslim-hate-is-frankly-infuriating_in_5daf06b1e4b0422422cbf4e2. (Accessed on 15th March 2021)
Lin CY. (2020). Social reaction toward the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Social Health Behaviour. 3: 1. doi: 10.4103/SHB.SHB_11_20
Mohta, P. (2020, May 6). Fuelled by social media, in India Muslims are “a convenient scapegoat” for the coronavirus. Equal Times. Retrieved from https://www.equaltimes.org/fuelled-by-social-media-in-india#.XttyfzozbIV
Naqvi, M. & Trivedi U. (2020, April 24). A new wave of anti-Muslim anger threatens’ India’s virus fight. The Quint. Retrieved from https://www.bloombergquint.com/politics/a-new-wave-of-anti-muslim-anger-threatens-india-s-virus-fight
Pandey, S. (2020, April 19). UP hospital bans admission of Muslim patients without coronavirus negative test report. Deccan Herald. Retrieved from https://www.deccanherald.com/national/north-and-central/up-hospital-bans-admission-of-muslim-patients-without-coronavirus-negative-test-report-827339.html
Pasha, S. (2020, April 20). India’s Corona-virus related Islamophobia has led the Arab World up in Arms. The Wire. https://thewire.in/communalism/indias-coronavirus-related-islamophobia-has-the-arab-world-up-in-arms
Pathak, G. (2020, April 20). All are not equal even in pandemic. Telangana Today. https://telanganatoday.com/all-are-not-equal-even-in-pandemic
Prasad, A. (2020). The organization of ideological discourse in times of unexpected crisis: Explaining how COVID-19 is exploited by populist leaders. Leadership. 16(3): 294-302.
Radhakrishnan, S. (2020, April 1) Tablighi Jamaat and COVID-19: The Story so far. The Hindu. Retrieved from https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tablighi-jamaat-and-covid-19-the-story-so-far/article31225065.ece. (Accessed on 27th Ag 2020).
Ramachandran, S. (2020). Hindutva Violence in India: Trends and Implications. Counter Terrorists Trends and Analysis. 12(4): 15-20.
Ramasubramanyam, J. (2020, May 21). India’s treatment of Muslims and migrants puts lives at risk during COVID-19. The Conversation. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/indias-treatment-of-muslims-and-migrants-puts-lives-at-risk-during-covid-19-136940
Rana J. The story of Islamophobia. Souls. (2007) 9:148–61. doi: 10.1080/10999940701382607
Rawat, N. (2020, April 22). How Coronavirus is elevating the curve of Communal hatred. DU Express. Retrieved from https://duexpress.in/how-coronavirus-is-elevating-the-curve-of-communal-hatred/
Robinson, R. (2007). Indian Muslims: The varied dimensions of marginality. Economic and Political Weekly, 42 (10): 839-843.
Roy, S. (2020, May 04). Hate goes viral in India: Anti-Muslim mudslinging has hit new heights as pandemic panic paves new avenues for India. The Diplomat. Retrieved from https://thediplomat.com/2020/05/hate-goes-viral-in-india/
Saha, S. (2020, April 25). Hello Twitter, anti-Muslim tweets show your inaction on hate speech is getting nauseous. India Today. Retrieved from https://www.indiatoday.in/technology/talking-points/story/hello-twitter-anti-muslim-tweets-show-your-inaction-on-hate-speech-is-getting-nauseous-1218969-2018-04-24. (Accessed on 11th September 2020).
Sanke, A., Cox, B., Al-Shabazz, I., Hafez, F., Warsi, S., & Azzam, M. (2018). The politicization of xenophobia and Islamophobia. https://researchcentre.trtworld.com/images/ files/conference_reports/CapitalizingOnFear.pdf
Sinha, Y. (2020, April 18). The Coronavirus Crisis demands everyone to act responsibly. So what happened to the Media?. The Wire. Retrieved from https://thewire.in/media/the-coronavirus-crisis-demands-everyone-act-responsibly-so-what-happened-to-the-media
Slater, J. Masih, N. (2020, April 23). As the world looks for Coronavirus scapegoats, Muslims are blamed in India. The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www. washingtonpost. com/ world/ asia pacific/as-world-looks-for-coronavirus-scapegoats-india-pins-blame-on-muslims/ 2020/ 04/22/ 3cb43430-7f3f-11ea-84c2-0792d8591911_story.html
Tambiah, S.J. (1996). Levelling Crowds: Ethnonationalist Conflicts and Collective Violence in South Asia. London: University of California Press.
Tatsuni, K. (2009). The coalition, ethnic violence, and citizenship: Muslims Political Agency in Meerut, India, c. 1950-2004, London School of Economics and Political Science (UK).
Varma, P.K. (2020). Don’t polarize by religion: Authorities must listen to the secular and inclusive message coming from Anti CAA-NRC protestors. Available online at: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/toi-editpage/dont-polarise-by-religio-authorities-must-listen-to-the-secular-andinclusive-message-coming-fom-anti-caa-nrc-protestors/ (Accessed on 21st April 2021).
Descargas
Publicado
Versiones
- 2022-09-11 (2)
- 2022-09-11 (1)
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2022 Subhra Rajat Balabantaray

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Todos los trabajos publicados en la revista Sociología y Tecnociencia se distribuyen bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0).
Los autores continúan como propietarios de sus trabajos, y pueden volver a publicar sus artículos en otro medio sin tener que solicitar autorización, siempre y cuando indiquen que el trabajo fue publicado originariamente en la revista Sociología y Tecnociencia.
