Análisis judeo-cristiano de la crisis de COVID-19 y su gestión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24197/jstr.1.2023.131-154Palabras clave:
salud pública; ateísmo; responsabilidad del sacerdocio; Toma de decisiones; elección pública; respuesta al desastre para reducir la mortalidad, ¿se habrían justificado religiosamente?Resumen
La actual crisis del coronavirus ha causado una gran perturbación a nivel mundial. Numerosos expertos admiten ahora que la gestión de crisis estuvo lejos de ser óptima desde el principio. En el documento, primero resumimos la información disponible sobre la crisis y su gestión. A continuación, enumeramos los factores que llevaron a la forma elegida de gestión de crisis. Posteriormente, cuestionamos si los líderes religiosos podrían haber obtenido suficiente información para no haber apoyado los bloqueos, etc. en marzo de 2020. En nuestra opinión, podrían haberlo hecho si se hubieran dirigido a expertos confiables con una lista de preguntas profesionales razonables. Luego analizamos la cuestión de si las medidas coercitivas hipotéticas están justificadas en el caso de que sean efectivas para disminuir la mortalidad general pero causen la muerte de varias personas. Nuestra conclusión es que tales medidas no están justificadas éticamente, y la implementación de poderes de emergencia solo está justificada en caso de guerra. Finalmente, formulamos varios problemas importantes destacados por COVID-19 para ser discutidos en el futuro. Palabras clave: salud pública; ateísmo; responsabilidad del sacerdocio; Toma de decisiones; elecciónDescargas
Citas
Aimone, Francesco. 2010. “The 1918 Influenza Epidemic in New York City: A Review of the Public Health Response”. Public Health Reports Supplement 3: The 1918-1919 Influenza Pandemic in the United States. 125(3): 71-79.
Amalrik, Andrei. 1981. Will the Soviet Union Survive Until 1984? NY: HarperCollins
ANSA (ANSA Editorial Stuff). 2022. Gemmato's doubts about vaccines. 16 November 2022. https://www.ansa.it/canale_saluteebenessere/notizie/sanita/2022/11/15/i-dubbi-di-gemmato-sui-vaccini.-pd-e-terzo-polo-si-dimetta_7bfc8884-e3fd-4353-909a-4670655c6444.html (12-12-2022)
Bagus, Philipp, Peña-Ramos, Jose Antonio, Sánchez-Bayón, Antonio (2021). COVID-19 and the Political Economy of Mass Hysteria. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18, 1376. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041376
Bagus, Philipp, Peña-Ramos, Jose Antonio, Sánchez-Bayón, Antonio (2022). Capitalism, COVID-19 and lockdowns. Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility-BEER, 31(SI), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12431
Bastiat, Frédéric. 2007. The Law. Auburn, Alabama: Ludwig von Mises Institute. 1st published in 1850.
Beck, Hermann. 2022. Before the Holocaust: Antisemitic Violence and the Reaction of German Elites and Institutions during the Nazi Takeover. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192865076.003.0009
Bentwich, Zvi. 2020. “Time to Quit Fearing Coronavirus”. Haaretz, February 27. https://www.haaretz.com/opinion/2020-02-27/ty-article-opinion/.premium/time-to-quit-fearing-coronvirus/0000017f-e6d1-df5f-a17f-ffdf33e80000 (12-12-2022).
Biggs, Adam T., Littlejohn, Lanny F. 2021. “Revisiting the initial COVID-19 pandemic projections”. Lancet Microbe. Mar;2(3):e91-e92. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-5247(21)00029-X
DoH (Department of Health, Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Team). 2011. UK Influenza Pandemic Preparedness Strategy. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/213717/dh_131040.pdf (12-12-2022).
DHSC (UK Department of Health and Social Care) 2020. Policy paper: Coronavirus action plan: a guide to what you can expect across the UK. 3 March 2020. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-action-plan/coronavirus-action-plan-a-guide-to-what-you-can-expect-across-the-uk (12-12-2022).
Erkoreka, Anton. 2010. “The Spanish influenza pandemic in occidental Europe (1918–1920) and victim age”. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 4 (2), 81–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-2659.2009.00125.x
Farooqui Salmaan. 2022. “Alberta moving to prevent return of mask mandates in K-12 schools”. October 29. The Globe and Mail. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-alberta-school-mask-mandate (12-12-2022).
Faust, Jeremy S. 2020. “COVID-19’s Mortality Rate Isn’t As High As We Think.” Slate March 04. https://slate.com/technology/2020/03/coronavirus-mortality-rate-lower-than-we-think.html (12-12-2022).
Greene, Jenna. 2022. “‘Paramount importance’: Judge orders FDA to hasten release of Pfizer vaccine docs”. Reuters. January, 7. https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/paramount-importance-judge-orders-fda-hasten-release-pfizer-vaccine-docs-2022-01-07 (12-12-2022).
Huerta de Soto, J., Sánchez-Bayón, A., Bagus, P. (2021). Principles of Monetary & Financial Sustainability and Wellbeing in a Post-COVID-19 World: The Crisis and Its Management. Sustainability, 13(9): 4655 (1-11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094655
Italy (Italian Republic) 2006. “National Plan for Preparedness and response to an Influenza Pandemic”. Ministry of Health, http://www.salute.gov.it/imgs/C_17_pubblicazioni_511_allegato.pdf (12-12-2022).
Jaspers, Karl. 1953. The Origin and Goal of History. Translated by Michael Bullock. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, p. 216.
Hagstrom, Anders. 2022. “New York Supreme Court reinstates all employees fired for being unvaccinated, orders backpay”. Fox, October 25. https://www.foxnews.com/us/new-york-supreme-court-reinstates-all-employees-fired-being-unvaccinated-orders-backpay (12-12-2022).
Kater, Michael H. Doctors Under Hitler. The University of North Carolina Press, 1989. Pages 237–272.
Keinon, Herb. 2020. Understanding the haredi perspective on the coronavirus – analysis. Jerusalem Post 13 October 2020. https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/understanding-the-haredi-perspective-on-the-coronavirus-analysis-645596 (12-12-2022).
Kohn, Sivan, Barnetta Daniel J., Leventhal Alex, Reznikovich Shmuel, Meir Oren, Laor Danny, Grotto Itamar, Balicer Ran D. “Pandemic influenza preparedness and response in Israel: A unique model of civilian-defense collaboration”. Journal of Public Health Policy Vol. 31/2 (2010), 256–269 https://doi.org/10.1057/jphp.2010.17
Maimonides n.d.-a. Mishne Tora, Laws of Injury and Damages 2:7 www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/1088909/jewish/Chovel-uMazzik-Chapter-Two.htm (12-12-2022).
Maimonides n.d.-b Mishne Tora, Laws of Fasts 2:5 www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/951996/jewish/Taaniyot-Chapter-Two.htm (12-12-2022).
McCulough, Peter, Alexander, Paul, et al. 2020. “Multifaceted highly targeted sequential multidrug treatment of early ambulatory high-risk SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19).” Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2020 Dec 30;21(4):517-530. https://doi.org/10.31083/j.rcm.2020.04.264
Minskblog 2020. “Seven myths coronapsychosis is holding on”. (Russian). April 1. https://minskblog.livejournal.com/244146.html (12-12-2022).
MoHoI (Ministry of Health of Israel) 2007. Preparation Plan for Influenza Pandemic” (Hebrew) June 7, 2007 https://web.archive.org/web/20210510090509/https://www.health.gov.il/Subjects/emergency/preparation/DocLib/tora/BIO_TORA_PANDEMIC_FLU.pdf (archived 10 May 2021) (12-12-2022).
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) 2011. “Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response Guidance for Healthcare Workers and Healthcare Employers” U.S. Department of Labor https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/publications/OSHA_pandemic_health.pdf (12-12-2022).
PECC (The Israeli Public Emergency Council for the Covid-19 Crisis) 2022. Use of facemasks in the community as a means to curb the spread of the COVID-19 virus -position paper. https://pecc-il.org/pdf-doc/position-paper-face-masks (12-12-2022).
Pezzullo, Angelo Maria, Cathrine Axfors, Despina G. Contopoulos-Ioannidis, Alexandre Apostolatos, and John P.A. Ioannidis 2022. “Age-stratified infection fatality rate of COVID-19 in the non-elderly informed from pre-vaccination national seroprevalence studies.” medRxiv 2022.10.11.22280963; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.10.11.22280963
Pieter N., O'Leary M. 2004. The 1918-1919 “Influenza Epidemic in Los Angeles.” Southern California Quarterly 86(4): 391-403.
Pittman, Mark T. 2022. Order No. 4:21-cv-1058-P, US District Court, Fort Worth division. 6 January, 2022. https://fingfx.thomsonreuters.com/gfx/legaldocs/gdvzykdllpw/Pittman%20FOIA%20Order.pdf (12-12-2022).
Radbaz (Rabbi David Ben Zimra) n.d. Responsa, Part 3, Response 1052 (Hebrew). wiki.jewishbooks.org.il/mediawiki/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%95%22%D7%AA_%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%91%22%D7%96/%D7%90%27%D7%A0%D7%91 (12-12-2022).
Rashi (Rabbeinu Shlomo Izhaki) n.d. Commentary on Exodus 12:22. https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/9873/showrashi/true/jewish/Chapter-12.htm (12-12-2022).
Sagiv, Aviv, Kasher, Asa. 2021. “Green Passport: Small move in economy, huge move in losing freedom of private life” (Hebrew). Globes. February, 10. https://www.globes.co.il/news/article.aspx?did=1001360199 (12-12-2022).
Salo, Jackie. 2021. Amish community may have reached COVID ‘herd immunity,’ health official says. New York Post, March 28, 2021. https://nypost.com/2021/03/28/amish-group-could-reach-covid-herd-immunity-health-official (12-12-2022).
Sánchez-Bayón, Antonio (2017) Lecturas fundamentales de Derecho Político y Constitucional. Porto: Ed. Sindéresis.
Sánchez-Bayón, Antonio (2022) Critica del positivismo formalista en economía y las alternativas heterodoxas para la economía digital. Encuentros multidisciplinares, 24(71): 1-16.
Sánchez-Bayón, Antonio, Castro-Oliva, Marcos (2022). Historia de la reciente deflación del capital y los salarios en España: Revisión de los desarrollos de la teoría de ciclos económicos. Iberian Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 9(2), 111-131. https://doi.org/10.5209/ijhe.82760
Sánchez-Bayón, Antonio, González-Arnedo, Esther, Andreu-Escario, Ángel (2022) Spanish Healthcare Sector Management in the COVID-19 Crisis Under the Perspective of Austrian Economics and New-Institutional Economics. Frontiers in Public Health 10:801525 (1-15). doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.801525
Schwartzman, Arthur. 2021. The ‘Green Passport’ Could Poison Israeli Society. Israel Today. February 17. https://www.israeltoday.co.il/read/the-green-passport-could-poison-israeli-society (12-12-2022).
Schrauger, Brian 2020 “COVID-19 and the Jews: Today’s Black Plague Could COVID-19 ignite an outbreak of antisemitism?” Jerusalem Post. April 6. https://www.jpost.com/Jerusalem-Report/COVID-19-and-the-Jews-Todays-Black-Plague-623375 (12-12-2022).
Singleton, Marilyn M. 2021. The New Wasteland: COVID-19’s Shameful Legacy. March 30. https://marilynsingletonmdjd.com/2021/03/30/the-new-wasteland-covid-19s-shameful-legacy (12-12-2022).
Shnaider, Tal. 2020. “Netanyahu: We aim to carry out massive blood tests to get people back to work” (Hebrew). Globes, March 21. https://www.globes.co.il/news/article.aspx?did=1001322673 (12-12-2022).
Tosefta (n.d.-a). Shabbat 16:14 (Hebrew) https://he.wikisource.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%90/%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%AA/%D7%98%D7%96 (12-12-2022).
Tosefta (n.d.-b). Trumot 7:23 (Hebrew) https://he.wikisource.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%90/%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA/%D7%96 (12-12-2022).
WHO (World Health Organization). 2019. Non-pharmaceutical public health measures for mitigating the risk and impact of epidemic and pandemic influenza. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/329438/9789241516839-eng.pdf (12-12-2022).
Yanovskiy, Moshe, Shaki YY, and Socol Y. 2019. “Interests, bias, and consensus in science”, Dose-Response 17(2) https://doi.org/10.1177/1559325819853669
Yanovskiy, Moshe, Levi ON, Shaki YY, Zigdon A, and Socol Y. 2022. “Cost-Effectiveness Threshold for Healthcare: Justification and Quantification.” INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing. 59:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580221081438
Yanovskiy, Moshe and Socol, Yehoshua. 2022. “Are Lockdowns Effective in Managing Pandemics?” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19 (2022), 9295. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159295
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2023 Yeshoshua Socol, Moshe Yanovskiy, Yair. Y Shaki
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Todos los trabajos publicados en la revista Journal of the Sociology and Theory of Religion se distribuyen bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0).
Los autores continúan como propietarios de sus trabajos, y pueden volver a publicar sus artículos en otro medio sin tener que solicitar autorización, siempre y cuando indiquen que el trabajo fue publicado originariamente en la revista Journal of the Sociology and Theory of Religion.
