Influencia del miedo a la caída en el rendimiento deportivo de las mujeres escaladoras. Una revisión sistemática // Influència de la por a la caiguda en el rendiment esportiu de les dones escaladores: Una revisió sistemàtica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24197/231s7r69Palabras clave:
Escalada, psicología, ansiedad, actividad física, medio naturalResumen
El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la literatura científica para identificar la influencia que tiene el miedo a la caída en el rendimiento deportivo de las mujeres escaladoras, mediante una revisión sistemática (PRISMA) en Web of Science, Scopus y PubMed. De 542 artículos identificados, se seleccionaron 15. Los resultados muestran cómo la ansiedad causada por el miedo a la caída influye directamente en el rendimiento. Se destacan estrategias psicológicas de mejora, como el trabajo de la autoconfianza y la autoeficacia. Además, se tratan las diferencias de género, y se discute la discriminación y sexualización de las mujeres escaladoras.
******
L'objectiu de l'estudi va ser analitzar la literatura científica per identificar la influència que té la por a la caiguda al rendiment esportiu de les dones escaladores, mitjançant una revisió sistemàtica (PRISMA) a Web of Science, Scopus i PubMed. De 542 articles identificats, se'n van seleccionar 15. Els resultats mostren com l'ansietat causada per la por a la caiguda influeix directament en el rendiment. Es destaquen estratègies psicològiques de millora, com treballar l'autoconfiança i l'autoeficàcia. A més, es tracten les diferències de gènere, i es discuteix sobre la discriminació i la sexualització envers les dones escaladores.
Descargas
Referencias
Allee, K. M. (2011). Rock Climbers Defying Gravity and Gender Expectations. Dissertation, University of California. Santa Barbara. https://alexandria.ucsb.edu/lib/ark:/48907/f3416v57
Appleby, K. (2005). “Female Energy at the Rock”: A Feminist Exploration of Female Rock Climbers. Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal, 14, 10-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.14.2.10
Aubel, O., & Lefèvre, B. (2022). What climbing means: The diversity of climbers in 2020. Journal of outdoor recreation and tourism, 40, 100585. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2022.100585
Aras, D., & Akalan, C. (2014). The effect of anxiety about falling on selected physiological parameters with different rope protocols in sport rock climbing. The Journal of Sports Medicine and physical fitness, 54(1), 1-8. https://www.minervamedica.it/en/journals/sports-med-physical-fitness/article.php?cod=R40Y2014N01A0001
Ascaso, J., Casterad, J., Generelo, E., Guillén, R., Lapetra, S. & Tierz, M.P. (1996). La actividad física y deportiva extraescolar en los centros educativos. Actividades en la naturaleza. Madrid: MEC. https://www.libreria.educacion.gob.es/libro/la-actividad-fisica-y-deportiva-extraescolar-en-los-centros-educativos-actividades-en-la-naturaleza_167938/
Baláš, J., Giles, D., Chrastinová, L., Kárníková, K., Kodejška, J., Hlaváčková, A., Draper, N. (2016). The effect of potential fall distance on hormonal response in rock climbing. Journal of Sports Sciences, 35(10), 989–994. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1206667
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W.H. Freeman. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1997-08589-000
Bailey, A., Hughes, A., Bullock, K., & Hill, G. (2019). A climber’s mentality: EEG analysis of climbers in action. Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership, 11(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.18666/JOREL-2019-V11-I1-9268
Batuev, M., & Robinson, L. (2022). Organizational evolution and the Olympic Games: The case of sport climbing. In The professionalization of action sports (pp. 36-52). Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2018.1440998
Bertuzzi, R. C. de M., Franchini, E., Kokubun, E., & Kiss, M. A. P. D. M. (2007). Energy system contributions in indoor rock climbing. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 101(3), 293-300. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-007-0501-0
Bortoli, L., & Robazza, C. (1992). Autoeficacia física, percepción corporal y ansiedad en hombres y mujeres. (pp.239-242) Actas Congreso Científico Olímpico 1992. Instituto Andaluz del Deporte
Boudreau, P., Mackenzie, S. H., & Hodge, K. (2022). Optimal psychological states in advanced climbers: Antecedents, characteristics, and consequences of flow and clutch states. Psychology of sport and exercise, 60, 102155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102155
Chaloupsky, D. (2014). The acceptable level of risk-taking for traditional rock climbers. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise: JHSE, 9(Extra 1), 263-269. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2014.9.Proc1.08
Chisholm, D. (2008). Climbing Like a Girl: An Exemplary Adventure in Feminist Phenomenology. Hypatia, 23(1), 9-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2008.tb01164.x
Cox, Richard H., Matthew P. Martens, and William D. Russell. (2003). Measuring anxiety in athletics: the revised competitive state anxiety inventory–2. Journal of sport and exercise psychology 25, 519-533. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.25.4.519
Delle Fave, A., Bassi, M., & Massimini, F. (2003). Quality of Experience and Risk Perception in High-Altitude Rock Climbing. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 15, 82-98. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200305402
Derakshan, N., & Eysenck, M. W. (2009). Anxiety, Processing Efficiency, and Cognitive Performance. European Psychologist, 14(2), 168-176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.14.2.168
Dilley, R., & Scraton, S. (2010). Women, climbing and serious leisure. Leisure Studies, 29, 125-141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02614360903401927
Draper, N., Dickson, T., Fryer, S., Blackwell, G., Winter, D., Scarrott, C., & Ellis, G. (2012). Plasma cortisol concentrations and perceived anxiety in response to on-sight rock climbing. International journal of sports medicine, 33(01), 13-17. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1284348
Egan, S., & Stelmack, R. M. (2003). A personality profile of Mount Everest climbers. Personality and Individual Differences, 34(8), 1491-1494. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00130-7
Evans, K., & Gagnon, R. J. (2019). A structural model exploring gender differences in perceived constraints to competition climbing. Annals of Leisure Research, 22(4), 444-462. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2018.1534598
Feher, P., Meyers, M. C., & Skelly, W. A. (1997). Psychological profile of rock climbers: State and trait attributes1072. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 29 (5), 188. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199705001-01071
Feltz, D. (1988). Genderdifferences in the causal elements of self-efficacy on a high avoidance motor task. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychollogy, 10, 151–166. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.10.2.151
Ferrand, C., Tetard, S., & Fontayne, P. (2006). Self-handicapping in rock climbing: A qualitative approach. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 18(3), 271–280. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200600830331
Fielding, K., Pearce, P., & Hughes, K. (1992). Climbing Ayers Rock: Relating visitor motivation, time perception and enjoyment. Journal of Tourism Studies, 3(2), 49-57. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Climbing-Ayers-Rock%3A-relating-visitor-motivation%2C-Fielding-Pearce/ba3786370259162104a1bc016af386c868e721b4
Fryer, S., Dickson, T., Draper, N., Blackwell, G., & Hillier, S. (2013). A psychophysiological comparison of on‐sight lead and top rope ascents in advanced rock climbers. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 23(5), 645-650. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01432.x
Garrido-Palomino, I., & España-Romero, V. (2019). Role of emotional intelligence on rock climbing performance. RICYDE. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte, 15(57), 284-294. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2019.05706
Garrido-Palomino, I., & España-Romero, V. (2023). Fear of falling in women: A psychological training intervention improves climbing performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 41(16), 1518–1529. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2023.2281157
Giles, D., Draper, N., Gilliver, P., Taylor, N., Mitchell, J., Birch, L., … Hamlin, M. J. (2014). Current understanding in climbing psychophysiology research. Sports Technology, 7(3–4), 108–119. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19346182.2014.968166
Giles, L. V., Rhodes, E. C., & Taunton, J. E. (2006). The physiology of rock climbing. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 36(6), 529-545. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200636060-00006
Girls on the wall. (2020, noviembre 18). Girls on the wall - Escaladoras en la roca; Girls on the wall. https://girlsonthewall.com
Goddard, D., & Neumann, U. (1993). Performance rock climbing. Stackpole Books.
Hodgson, C. I., Draper, N., McMorris, T., Jones, G., Fryer, S., & Coleman, I. (2009). Perceived anxiety and plasma cortisol concentrations following rock climbing with differing safety rope protocols. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 43(7), 531-535. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2007.046011
Jones, M. V., Mace, R. D., Bray, S. R., Macrae, A. W., & Stockbridge, C. (2002). The impact of motivational imagery on the emotional state and self-efficacy levels of novice climbers. Journal of Sport Behavior, 25(1), 57–72
Langer, K., Simon, C., & Wiemeyer, J. (2023). Physical performance testing in climbing—A systematic review. Frontiers in sports and active living, 5, 1130812. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2023.1130812
LeDoux, J. E. (2014). Coming to terms with fear. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111(8), 2871-2878. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1400335111
Llewellyn, D. J., Sanchez, X., Asghar, A., & Jones, G. (2008). Self-efficacy, risk taking and performance in rock climbing. Personality and Individual differences, 45(1), 75-81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.03.001
Manynard, I. W., Mcdonald, A. L., & Warwick-Evans, L. (1997). Anxiety in novice rock climbers: a further test of the matching hypothesis in a field setting. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 28, 67–78.
Miro, P. , Miro, E. , Ho, T. , Feuerborn, M. , Crawford, A. & Schöffl, V. (2024). Rock Climbing-Related Injuries: A Clinical and Imaging Overview. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 23(11), 381-391. DOI: https://doi.or10.1249/JSR.0000000000001209
Morrison, A. B., & Schöffl, V. R. (2007). Physiological responses to rock climbing in young climbers. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(12), 852-861. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2007.034827
Nieuwenhuys, A., Pijpers, J. R., Oudejans, R. R. D., & Bakker, F. C. (2008). The influence of anxiety on visual attention in climbing. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 30(2), 171–185. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.30.2.171
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., McGuinness, L. A., Stewart, L. A., Thomas, J., Tricco, A.C., Welch, V.A., Whiting, P. & Moher, D. (2021). Declaración PRISMA 2020: Una guía actualizada para la publicación de revisiones sistemáticas (The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews). Revista Española de Cardiología, 74(9), 790-799. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.recesp.2021.06.016
Papaioannou, A., Kourtesopoulou, A., & Konstandakatou, B. (2005). Intrinsic motivation and task and ego orientation in athletes of climbing. Inquiries in Sport & Physical Education, 3(1), 13–21.
Passer, M. W. (1984). Competitive trait anxiety in children and adolescents. Champaing IL: Human Kinetics (pp. 130–144).
Pijpers, J. R., Oudejans, R. R. D., Holsheimer, F., & Bakker, F. C. (2003). Anxiety performance relationships in climbing: a process-oriented approach. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 4, 283–304. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1469-0292(02)00010-9
Plate, K. R. (2007). Rock climbing is a masculine sport? Understanding the complex gendered subculture of rock climbing. In V. Robinson (Ed.), Special Issue of Sheffield Online Papers in Social Research, Gender and Extreme Sports: The Case of Climbing (pp. 1-14). https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/polopoly_fs/1.71699!/file/10-Plate-article.pdf
Portela, P. M., Rico, S. R., Extremera, A. B., León, M. T. M., & Marín, M. A. M. (2013). Análisis del perfil sociodemográfico, deportivo y psicológico en una práctica de escalada deportiva de estudiantes universitarios. Retos, 24, 9-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i24.34513
Quaine, F. & Martin, L. (1999). A biomechanical study of equilibrium in sport rock climbing. Gait & Posture, 10(3), 233–239. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0966-6362(99)00024-7
Reeves, C. E., Boyd, E., Roul, D., Mcgowan, E., & Cameron, E. (2017). Body Image in Rock Climbers: A Qualitative Study. Journal of sport behavior. Journal of Sport Behavior, 40(4). https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Body-Image-in-Rock-Climbers%3A-A-Qualitative-Study-Reeves-Boyd/1b466fc9006dbe8cf6778a163109339d48fd201d
Riera, J. (1997). Acerca del deporte y del deportista. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 11, 127–136. https://archives.rpd-online.com/article/view/129.html
Riera, J. (2002). Habilidades deportivas, habilidades humanas. Apunts. Educación Física y Deporte, 64, 46–53. https://raco.cat/index.php/ ApuntsEFD/article/view/301947.
Ruiz, M. C., & Hanin, Y. L. (2004). Metaphoric description and inidividualized emotion profiling of performance related states in high-level karate athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 16(3), 258–273. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200490498366
Sanchez, X., Boschker, M. S. J., & Llewellyn, D. J. (2010). Pre-performance psychological states and performance in an elite climbing competition: Psychological states and climbing competition. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 20(2), 356–363. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00904.x
Sanchez, X., & Torregrosa, M. (2005). El papel de los factores psicológicos en la escalada deportiva: Un análisis cualitativo. Revista de psicología del deporte, 14(2), 177-194. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/2351/235119230001. pdf
Saul, D., Steinmetz, G., Lehmann, W., & Schilling, A. F. (2019). Determinants for success in climbing: A systematic review. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, 17(3), 91-100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2019.04.002
Schüler, J., & Nakamura, J. (2013). Does flow experience lead to risk? How and for whom. Applied Psychology: Health and Well‐Being, 5(3), 311-331. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12012
Silva, J. (1994). Sport performance phobias. International. Journal of Sport Psychology, 25, 100–118.
Vasile, A. I., Stănescu, M., Pelin, F., & Bejan, R. (2022). Cognitive factors that predict on-sight and red-point performance in sport climbing at youth level. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1012792. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1012792
Villavicencio, P.; Bravo, C.; Ibarz, A.; Solé, S.(2021) Effects of Acute Psychological and Physiological Stress on Rock Climbers. J. Clin. Med, 10, 5013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10215013
Watts, P. B. (2004). Physiology of difficult rock climbing. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 91(4), 361-372. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-003-1036-7
Weinberg, R. S., & Gould, D. (1995). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology. Champaing IL. Humans Kinetics.
Wigglesworth, J. (2021). The cultural politics of naming outdoor rock climbing routes. Annals of Leisure Research, 25, 1-24 DOI:. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2021.1949736
Women Only Camp - Escalada entre mujeres. (2023, octubre 6). ClimbingSiurana. https://www.climbingsiurana.com/es/portfolio/women-only-camp/
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Miquel Pans, Marina Sendín-Pérez
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Todos los trabajos publicados en la revista Ágora para la Educación Física y el Deporte están sujetos a una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
Los autores y autoras continúan como propietarios de sus trabajos, y pueden volver a publicar sus artículos en otro medio sin tener que solicitar autorización, siempre y cuando indiquen que el trabajo fue publicado originariamente en la revista Ágora para la Educación Física y el Deporte.