Emerging Viral Diseases.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24197/k1a63j02Keywords:
Virus, Emerging, Ecology, High-throughput sequencing.Abstract
From a global point of view, viruses are a group of infectious agents that are essentially made up of one or more protein coatings that contain a nucleic acid and some enzymes.
Generically, they possess three characteristics that give them their own particularity in relation to other living beings. First, they contain a single type of nucleic acid in their genome, either deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA). Secondly, they reproduce from their genetic material by replication. Thirdly, they behave as strict intracellular parasites, their survival depending on the ability of the viral particle (virion) to infect a cell and direct its enzymatic endowment to synthesize new progeny.
The term “emerging viriasis” refers both to newly emerging viral infections in the population and to those previously known infections whose incidence or geographic distribution is rapidly increasing.
Contrary to what might be expected by analyzing the term mutation in terms of the consequences it can generate if we refer to a human being, in the case of viruses, mutations involve generating new capabilities. Genetic changes in these viruses allow new adaptations, as well as the continuous escape from the selective pressure of the individual's immune system and treatments
The most complex and specific information of viruses resides in their genomic sequence, i.e. the ultimate composition of nucleotides whose concatenation contains the information that allows them to carry out their replication and development. The complete sequence of the genetic material of a virus is called genome or draft genome when it is incomplete. This information is used to understand everything from the evolution and spread of a given virus to its behavior in the context of an epidemic outbreak or pandemic.
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