Agroturismo y “líneas lentas”: prácticas híbridas para un modelo de diseño de paisaje para apoyo a la agricultura de las regiones de montaña. El caso de Vermont desde la perspectiva italiana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24197/ciudades.24.2021.79-98Palabras clave:
zonas de montaña, agricultura, agriturismo, turismo lento, VermontResumen
La reciente pandemia ha vuelto a situar las zonas de montaña en el centro de muchos debates políticos y académicos. En un contexto de creciente desertización de estas zonas, la necesidad de proteger el patrimonio cultural y natural se convierte en una emergencia. En esta perspectiva, la creciente sensibilidad social hacia las zonas de montaña puede contribuir a un nuevo modelo de diseño del paisaje capaz de ser el motor de un desarrollo sostenible. La combinación de agroturismo y “turismo lento” puede ser una oportunidad para apoyar la economía rural de las zonas de montaña. Para explorar esta posibilidad se analiza el caso de Vermont (Estados Unidos de América), explorando algunas prácticas específicas que conducen a reflexiones concretas sobre nuevas sinergias paisajísticas.
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Barbieri, Carla (2019), “Agritourism research: a perspective article”, Tourism Review, vol. 75, nº1, pp. 149-152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-05-2019-0152
Chiodo, Emilio; Fantini, Andrea; Dickes, Lori; Arogundade, Temitope; Lamie, R. David; Assing, Lucilene; Stewart, Corinne & Salvatore, Rita (2019), “Agritourism in Mountainous Regions – Insights from an International Perspective”, Sustainability, vol. 11, pp. 1-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11133715
Cislaghi, Alessio; Giupponi, Luca; Tamburini, Alberto; Giorgi, Annamaria & Bischetti, Gian Battista (2019), “The effects of mountain grazing abandonment on plant community, forage T value and soil properties: observations and field measurements in an alpine area”, Catena, vol. 181. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2019.104086
Corrado, Federica & Dematteis, Giuseppe -ed.- (2016), “Riabitare la montagna”, Scienze del Territorio Rivista di Studi Territorialisti, vol. 4. Retrieved from: https://oajournals.fupress.net/index.php/sdt/issue/view/331 (Accessed: 13-10-2020).
De Rossi, Antonio -coord.- (2018), Riabitare l’Italia. Le aree interne tra abbandoni e riconquiste, Rome, Donzelli.
Dezio, Catherine (2020a), “Restart from resources. Rural heritage as Antifragile Territorial Capital”, Valori e Valutazioni, nº24, pp. 209-217. Retrieved from: https://siev.org/16-24-2020/ (Accessed: 13-10-2020).
Dezio, Catherine (2020b), Paesaggi Agrari Resilienti: Approcci e metodi per l’analisi di pratiche, processi e strategie territoriali, Milan, FrancoAngeli.
Dezio, Catherine (2020c), “A bioregional reading of the rural landscapes of the Italian inner areas and the regenerative potential of rural tourism. The case study of the VENTO project”, Ciudades, nº23, pp. 49-69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24197/ciudades.23.2020.49-69
Dickinson, Janet & Lumsdon, Les (2010), Slow travel and tourism, London, Earthscan.
Eurostat (2020), “Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018”, Eurostat newsrelease, nº38/2020. Retrieved from: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/10474907/1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf/81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58 (Accessed: 13-10-2020).
Filho, Walter Leal; Mandel, Merit; Al-Amin, Abul Quasem; Feher, Alexander & Chiappetta Jabbour Charbel José (2017), “An assessment of the causes and consequences of agricultural land abandonment in Europe”, International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, vol. 24, nº6, pp. 554-560. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2016.1240113
Fondazione Montagne Italia (2017), Rapporto montagne Italia 2017, Catanzaro (Italy), Rubbettino, Soveria Mannelli.
Forman, Richard (2017), Towns, Ecology, and the Land, Cambridge (UK), Cambridge University Press.
Heitmann, Sine; Robinson, Peter; Povey, G. (2011), “Slow Food, slow cities and slow tourism”, in Robinson P.; Robinson S. & Dieke P.U.C. -eds.- Research themes for tourism, Oxford, CAB International.
Hobbs, Richard (1997), “Future landscapes and the future of landscape ecology”, Landscape and urban planning, vol. 37, nº1-2, pp. 1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(96)00364-7
Lancerini, Emanuel (2005), “Territori lenti”, in Territorio, vol. 34.
Lasanta T.; Arnaez J.; Pascual N.; Errea M.P. & Lana-Renault N. (2017), “Space-time process and drivers of land abandonment in Europe”, in Catena, vol. 149, pp. 810-823. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2016.02.024
Lin, Mengyi; Li, Fu-Yuan & Ji, Zhe (2020), “How to Innovate the Service Design of Leisure Farms: The Innovation of Sustainable Business Models”, Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, vol. 6. pp. 1-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6030045
MacDonald, D.; Crabtree, J.R.; Wiesinger, G.; Dax, T.; Stamou, N.; Fleury, P.; Gutierrez Lazpita, J. & Gibon, A. (2000), “Agricultural abandonment in mountain areas of Europe: environmental consequences and policy response”, in Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 59, nº1, pp. 47-69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/jema.1999.0335
Marques, Helena, (2006), “Searching for Complementarities between Agriculture and Tourism”, in Tourism Economics, vol. 12, nº1, pp. 147-155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5367%2F000000006776387141
McGehee, Nancy; Kim, Kyungmi & Jennings, Gayle (2007), “Gender and motivation for agri-tourism entrepreneurship”, Tourism Management, vol. 28, nº1, pp. 280-289. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2005.12.022
Meini, Monica -ed- (2018), Terre invisibili. Esplorazioni sul potenziale turistico delle aree interne, Soveria Mannelli (Italy), Rubettino Editore.
Mutana, Sarudzai & Mukwada, Geoffrey (2018), “Mountain-route tourism and sustainability. A discourse analysis of literature and possible future research”, Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, vol. 24, pp. 59-65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2018.08.003
Nocifera, Enzo; de Salvo, Paola & Calzati Viviana -eds.- (2011), Territori lenti e turismo di qualità. Prospettive innovative per lo sviluppo di un turismo sostenibile, Milan, Franco Angeli.
Nordregio (2004), Mountain Areas in Europe: analysis of mountain areas in EU member states, acceding and other European countries, Nordregio.
OECD (2006), Innovation and Growth in Tourism, Paris, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
Pavione, Enrica -ed.- (2016), Turismo sostenibile e valorizzazione del territorio. Sfide e opportunità di sviluppo del cicloturismo in Italia, Ariccia (Italy), Aracne Editrice.
Pelc, Stanko (2018), “Drivers of Marginalization from Different Perspectives”, in Pelc, Stanko & Koderman, Miha -eds.- Nature, Tourism and Ethnicity as Drivers of (De)Marginalization: Insights to Marginality from Perspective of Sustainability and Development, Springer International Publishing, pp 3-27.
Philip, Sharon; Hunter, Colin & Blackstock, Kirsty (2010), “A typology for defining agritourism”, Tourism Management, vol. 31, nº6, pp. 754-758. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.08.001
Pilati, Luciano (2020), “Combinazione/integrazione di agricoltura e turismo nelle regioni di montagna”, in Incontri Tra/Montani. Retrieved from: www.incontritramontani.it (Accessed: 13-10-2020).
Pileri, Paolo (2020), Progettare la lentezza, Gallarate (Italy), People.
Pileri, Paolo -coord.- (2018), Ciclabili e cammini per narrare territori, Portogruaro (Italy), Ediciclo Editore.
Pileri, Paolo & Moscarelli, Rossella -coord.- (2020), Cycling & Walking for Regional Development. How slowness regenerates marginal areas, Springer.
Reyneri, Amedeo; Gianpaolo, Bruno; Gaudino, Stefano; Rotolo, Luca; Gasco, Laura; Renna, Manuela; Sopegno, Alessandro; Cornale, Paolo & Marzano, Raffaella (2015), “L'agricoltura di montagna nell'Unione Europea”, in Water and Food Security. Retrieved from: https://www.waterandfoodsecurity.org/scheda.php?id=46 (Accessed: 17-03-2021).
Roberts, Lesley & Hall, Derek (2001), Rural tourism and recreation: principles to practice, Wallingford, CAB Int.
Li, Shengfa & Li, Xiubin (2017), “Global understanding of farmland abandonment: A review and prospects”, Journal of Geographical Sciences, vol. 27, pp. 1.123-1.150. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-017-1426-0
Swinton, Scott -coord.- (2007), “Ecosystem services and agriculture: Cultivating agricultural ecosystems for diverse benefits”, Ecological Economics, vol. 64, nº2, pp. 245-252. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.09.020
Sznajder, Michal & Przezdborska, Lucyna (2004), “Identification of rural and agritourism products and services”, Roczniki Akademii Rolniczej w Poznaniu, vol. 3, nº359, pp. 165-177. Retrieved from: https://www1.up.poznan.pl/jard/index.php/jard/article/view/1027 (Accessed: 13-10-2020).
Timmons, David (2006), Measuring and understanding local foods: the case of Vermont. Thesis, University of Vermont.
UN (2015), “Sustainable Development Goals”. Retrieved from: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/?menu=1300 (Accessed: 13-10-2020).
UNWTO (2012), Asia-Pacific Newsletter, nº27.
Ustaoglu, Eda & Coljier, Marcus (2018), “Farmland abandonment in Europe: an overview of drivers, consequences, and assessment of the sustainability implications”, Environmental reviews, vol. 26, nº4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2018-0001
UVAL (2014), “A strategy for Inner Areas in Italy: definition, objectives, tools and governance”, Materiali UVAL: documenti, nº31. Retrieved from: http://old2018.agenziacoesione.gov.it/opencms/export/sites/dps/it/documentazione/servizi/materiali_uval/Documenti/MUVAL_31_Aree_interne_ENG.pdf (Accessed: 13-10-2020).
Varotto, Mauro (2020), Montagne di Mezzo. Una nuova geografia, Torino, Piccola Biblioteca Einaudi.
Websites
Agritourism World Platform. Retrieved from: https://agritourism.eurac.edu (Accessed: 17-03-2021).
Department of Tourism and Marketing of Vermont. Retrieved from: https://www.vermont.gov/#gsc.tab=0 (Accessed: 19/03/2021).
Farm walk trail network. Retrieved from: https://www.diginvt.com/trails/detail/farm-walks-across-vermont (Accessed: 13-10-2020).
Inn-to-inn walking tour. Retrieved from: https://www.vermontinntoinnwalking.com (Accessed: 13-10-2020).
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Retrieved from: https://www.millenniumassessment.org/en/index.html (Accessed: 13-10-2020).
The Shelburne Farms walking trails. Retrieved from: https://shelburnefarms.org (Accessed: 13-10-2020).
Barbieri, Carla, & Mshenga, Patience M. (2008), “The role of the firm and owner characteristics on the performance of agritourism farms”, Sociologia Ruralis, vol. 48, nº2, pp. 166-183. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.2008.00450.x
Barbieri, Carla (2019), “Agritourism research: a perspective article”, Tourism Review, vol. 75, nº1, pp. 149-152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-05-2019-0152
Chiodo, Emilio; Fantini, Andrea; Dickes, Lori; Arogundade, Temitope; Lamie, R. David; Assing, Lucilene; Stewart, Corinne & Salvatore, Rita (2019), “Agritourism in Mountainous Regions – Insights from an International Perspective”, Sustainability, vol. 11, pp. 1-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11133715
Cislaghi, Alessio; Giupponi, Luca; Tamburini, Alberto; Giorgi, Annamaria & Bischetti, Gian Battista (2019), “The effects of mountain grazing abandonment on plant community, forage T value and soil properties: observations and field measurements in an alpine area”, Catena, vol. 181. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2019.104086
Corrado, Federica & Dematteis, Giuseppe -ed.- (2016), “Riabitare la montagna”, Scienze del Territorio Rivista di Studi Territorialisti, vol. 4. Retrieved from: https://oajournals.fupress.net/index.php/sdt/issue/view/331 (Accessed: 13-10-2020).
De Rossi, Antonio -coord.- (2018), Riabitare l’Italia. Le aree interne tra abbandoni e riconquiste, Rome, Donzelli.
Dezio, Catherine (2020a), “Restart from resources. Rural heritage as Antifragile Territorial Capital”, Valori e Valutazioni, nº24, pp. 209-217. Retrieved from: https://siev.org/16-24-2020/ (Accessed: 13-10-2020).
Dezio, Catherine (2020b), Paesaggi Agrari Resilienti: Approcci e metodi per l’analisi di pratiche, processi e strategie territoriali, Milan, FrancoAngeli.
Dezio, Catherine (2020c), “A bioregional reading of the rural landscapes of the Italian inner areas and the regenerative potential of rural tourism. The case study of the VENTO project”, Ciudades, nº23, pp. 49-69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24197/ciudades.23.2020.49-69
Dickinson, Janet & Lumsdon, Les (2010), Slow travel and tourism, London, Earthscan.
Eurostat (2020), “Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018”, Eurostat newsrelease, nº38/2020. Retrieved from: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/10474907/1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf/81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58 (Accessed: 13-10-2020).
Filho, Walter Leal; Mandel, Merit; Al-Amin, Abul Quasem; Feher, Alexander & Chiappetta Jabbour Charbel José (2017), “An assessment of the causes and consequences of agricultural land abandonment in Europe”, International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, vol. 24, nº6, pp. 554-560. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2016.1240113
Fondazione Montagne Italia (2017), Rapporto montagne Italia 2017, Catanzaro (Italy), Rubbettino, Soveria Mannelli.
Forman, Richard (2017), Towns, Ecology, and the Land, Cambridge (UK), Cambridge University Press.
Heitmann, Sine; Robinson, Peter; Povey, G. (2011), “Slow Food, slow cities and slow tourism”, in Robinson P.; Robinson S. & Dieke P.U.C. -eds.- Research themes for tourism, Oxford, CAB International.
Hobbs, Richard (1997), “Future landscapes and the future of landscape ecology”, Landscape and urban planning, vol. 37, nº1-2, pp. 1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(96)00364-7
Lancerini, Emanuel (2005), “Territori lenti”, in Territorio, vol. 34.
Lasanta T.; Arnaez J.; Pascual N.; Errea M.P. & Lana-Renault N. (2017), “Space-time process and drivers of land abandonment in Europe”, in Catena, vol. 149, pp. 810-823. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2016.02.024
Lin, Mengyi; Li, Fu-Yuan & Ji, Zhe (2020), “How to Innovate the Service Design of Leisure Farms: The Innovation of Sustainable Business Models”, Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, vol. 6. pp. 1-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6030045
MacDonald, D.; Crabtree, J.R.; Wiesinger, G.; Dax, T.; Stamou, N.; Fleury, P.; Gutierrez Lazpita, J. & Gibon, A. (2000), “Agricultural abandonment in mountain areas of Europe: environmental consequences and policy response”, in Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 59, nº1, pp. 47-69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/jema.1999.0335
Marques, Helena, (2006), “Searching for Complementarities between Agriculture and Tourism”, in Tourism Economics, vol. 12, nº1, pp. 147-155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5367%2F000000006776387141
McGehee, Nancy; Kim, Kyungmi & Jennings, Gayle (2007), “Gender and motivation for agri-tourism entrepreneurship”, Tourism Management, vol. 28, nº1, pp. 280-289. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2005.12.022
Meini, Monica -ed- (2018), Terre invisibili. Esplorazioni sul potenziale turistico delle aree interne, Soveria Mannelli (Italy), Rubettino Editore.
Mutana, Sarudzai & Mukwada, Geoffrey (2018), “Mountain-route tourism and sustainability. A discourse analysis of literature and possible future research”, Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, vol. 24, pp. 59-65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2018.08.003
Nocifera, Enzo; de Salvo, Paola & Calzati Viviana -eds.- (2011), Territori lenti e turismo di qualità. Prospettive innovative per lo sviluppo di un turismo sostenibile, Milan, Franco Angeli.
Nordregio (2004), Mountain Areas in Europe: analysis of mountain areas in EU member states, acceding and other European countries, Nordregio.
OECD (2006), Innovation and Growth in Tourism, Paris, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
Pavione, Enrica -ed.- (2016), Turismo sostenibile e valorizzazione del territorio. Sfide e opportunità di sviluppo del cicloturismo in Italia, Ariccia (Italy), Aracne Editrice.
Pelc, Stanko (2018), “Drivers of Marginalization from Different Perspectives”, in Pelc, Stanko & Koderman, Miha -eds.- Nature, Tourism and Ethnicity as Drivers of (De)Marginalization: Insights to Marginality from Perspective of Sustainability and Development, Springer International Publishing, pp 3-27.
Philip, Sharon; Hunter, Colin & Blackstock, Kirsty (2010), “A typology for defining agritourism”, Tourism Management, vol. 31, nº6, pp. 754-758. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.08.001
Pilati, Luciano (2020), “Combinazione/integrazione di agricoltura e turismo nelle regioni di montagna”, in Incontri Tra/Montani. Retrieved from: www.incontritramontani.it (Accessed: 13-10-2020).
Pileri, Paolo (2020), Progettare la lentezza, Gallarate (Italy), People.
Pileri, Paolo -coord.- (2018), Ciclabili e cammini per narrare territori, Portogruaro (Italy), Ediciclo Editore.
Pileri, Paolo & Moscarelli, Rossella -coord.- (2020), Cycling & Walking for Regional Development. How slowness regenerates marginal areas, Springer.
Reyneri, Amedeo; Gianpaolo, Bruno; Gaudino, Stefano; Rotolo, Luca; Gasco, Laura; Renna, Manuela; Sopegno, Alessandro; Cornale, Paolo & Marzano, Raffaella (2015), “L'agricoltura di montagna nell'Unione Europea”, in Water and Food Security. Retrieved from: https://www.waterandfoodsecurity.org/scheda.php?id=46 (Accessed: 17-03-2021).
Roberts, Lesley & Hall, Derek (2001), Rural tourism and recreation: principles to practice, Wallingford, CAB Int.
Li, Shengfa & Li, Xiubin (2017), “Global understanding of farmland abandonment: A review and prospects”, Journal of Geographical Sciences, vol. 27, pp. 1.123-1.150. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-017-1426-0
Swinton, Scott -coord.- (2007), “Ecosystem services and agriculture: Cultivating agricultural ecosystems for diverse benefits”, Ecological Economics, vol. 64, nº2, pp. 245-252. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.09.020
Sznajder, Michal & Przezdborska, Lucyna (2004), “Identification of rural and agritourism products and services”, Roczniki Akademii Rolniczej w Poznaniu, vol. 3, nº359, pp. 165-177. Retrieved from: https://www1.up.poznan.pl/jard/index.php/jard/article/view/1027 (Accessed: 13-10-2020).
Timmons, David (2006), Measuring and understanding local foods: the case of Vermont. Thesis, University of Vermont.
UN (2015), “Sustainable Development Goals”. Retrieved from: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/?menu=1300 (Accessed: 13-10-2020).
UNWTO (2012), Asia-Pacific Newsletter, nº27.
Ustaoglu, Eda & Coljier, Marcus (2018), “Farmland abandonment in Europe: an overview of drivers, consequences, and assessment of the sustainability implications”, Environmental reviews, vol. 26, nº4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2018-0001
UVAL (2014), “A strategy for Inner Areas in Italy: definition, objectives, tools and governance”, Materiali UVAL: documenti, nº31. Retrieved from: http://old2018.agenziacoesione.gov.it/opencms/export/sites/dps/it/documentazione/servizi/materiali_uval/Documenti/MUVAL_31_Aree_interne_ENG.pdf (Accessed: 13-10-2020).
Varotto, Mauro (2020), Montagne di Mezzo. Una nuova geografia, Torino, Piccola Biblioteca Einaudi.
Websites
Agritourism World Platform. Retrieved from: https://agritourism.eurac.edu (Accessed: 17-03-2021).
Department of Tourism and Marketing of Vermont. Retrieved from: https://www.vermont.gov/#gsc.tab=0 (Accessed: 19/03/2021).
Farm walk trail network. Retrieved from: https://www.diginvt.com/trails/detail/farm-walks-across-vermont (Accessed: 13-10-2020).
Inn-to-inn walking tour. Retrieved from: https://www.vermontinntoinnwalking.com (Accessed: 13-10-2020).
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Retrieved from: https://www.millenniumassessment.org/en/index.html (Accessed: 13-10-2020).
The Shelburne Farms walking trails. Retrieved from: https://shelburnefarms.org (Accessed: 13-10-2020).
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Publicado
12/05/2021
Cómo citar
Dezio, C. (2021). Agroturismo y “líneas lentas”: prácticas híbridas para un modelo de diseño de paisaje para apoyo a la agricultura de las regiones de montaña. El caso de Vermont desde la perspectiva italiana. Ciudades, (24), 79–98. https://doi.org/10.24197/ciudades.24.2021.79-98
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