The ordinances and dispositions on the exploitation of emeralds in 16th and 17th century Muzo (New Granada)

Abstract

The main objective of this article is the study of the ordinances concerning the emerald mines of Muzo that were established in the 16^th and 17^th centuries, together with their social and economic implications. To the present time, there have been few historical, in-depth studies, with oft repeated generalisations, on the subject of the emeralds; as opposed to the many works of general interest and geological focus. Here we have used primary sources from Colombian and Spanish archives, as well as exhibits from the museums. The results demonstrate the interest in controlling and receiving the quintos (the fifth part due to the king) as opposed to other, more social or humane aspects.